Quenching yog dab tsi?

Hauv metallurgy, quenching txhais tau tias yog "tswj rho tawm ntawm tshav kub". Lo lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv qhov txhais no yog "tswj". Quenching yog ib txoj hauv kev sai ntawm cov hlau rov qab rau hauv chav tsev kub tom qab kev kho cua sov los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem txias los ntawm kev hloov cov hlau microstructure. Los ntawm immersing ib tug hlau khoom nyob rau hauv cov roj los yog dej, qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov kua los yog yuam cua yog hu ua ib tug nruab nrab, tom qab uas cov hlau yog sai txias los ntawm lub kub kub thaum nws yog tsim. Qhov no feem ntau yog siv los khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj feem xyuam nrog cov qauv siv lead ua lossis theem kev faib tawm, uas tau ploj thaum txias txias. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv hlau uas cuam tshuam hardness. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom tooj liab hardened los ntawm hammering lossis lwm yam deformation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem rov qab los rau hauv lub xeev malleable los ntawm cua sov thiab quenching.

Yuav ua li cas quench

Feem ntau siv quenching media muaj xws li lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb polymers, yuam cua convection, dej tshiab, brine thiab roj. Dej yog qhov nruab nrab zoo thaum lub hom phiaj yog kom ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau tawg lossis deform.

Yog tias tsis muaj qhov hnyav hnyav heev, cov roj ntxhia, cov roj whale lossis cov roj cottonseed tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem quenching. Rau cov tsis tau pib, cov txheej txheem quenching yuav zoo li ua tau. Raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm hlau hloov cov hlau kub mus rau hauv qhov nruab nrab uas tau xaiv, ib qho loj ntawm cov pa tawm los ntawm cov hlau.

Quenching nruab nrab

Muaj ntau yam quenching media muaj los ua cov txheej txheem quenching. Txhua qhov nruab nrab muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb quenching yam ntxwv. Kev txiav txim siab rau hom xov xwm siv xws li quench ceev, quench media ib puag ncig kev txhawj xeeb, quench media hloov, thiab quench media nqi. Cov hauv qab no yog cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm quenching media:

Cua

Roj

dej

brine

Cua

Cua yog qhov nrov quenching nruab nrab siv los txias hlau rau quenching. Kev them taus yog ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm huab cua. Nws qhov kev them taus yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov kev nplua nuj nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov tseeb, txhua yam khoom uas yog cua sov thiab tom qab ntawd txias rau hauv chav sov tsuas yog los ntawm kev sawv ib leeg yog suav tias yog cua quenched. Huab cua quenching kuj yog ntau hom phiaj thaum nws yog compressed thiab yuam ib ncig ntawm cov hlau raug quenched. Qhov no txias qhov chaw sai dua li huab cua, txawm tias huab cua compressed tseem tuaj yeem txias ntau cov hlau qeeb heev los hloov cov khoom siv tshuab.

Roj

Roj muaj peev xwm quench rhuab hlau sai dua compressed cua. Txhawm rau quench nrog roj, tso qhov cua sov rau hauv lub tank uas muaj qee yam roj. Roj kuj tuaj yeem ntws los ntawm qhov chaw. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cua txias thiab cov ntsiab lus flash, cov roj sib txawv feem ntau yog siv nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, quenching tus nqi ntawm cov roj yog tsawg dua li cov dej. Ferrite thiab troostite tuaj yeem tsim tau txawm tias me me. Cov nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov dej thiab roj tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov dej uas muaj 10-30 feem pua ​​Ucon, ib yam khoom uas muaj inverse solubility thiab yog li tso rau ntawm cov khoom kom qeeb tus nqi txias. Yuav kom txo qis deformation, cov khoom cylindrical ntev yuav tsum tau quenched vertically, nrog cov npoo ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus thiab tuab qhov chaw nkag mus rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke ua ntej. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov npuas npuas los ntawm kev tsim cov chaw mos, cov dej quench da dej yuav tsum tau agitated.

Dej

Cov dej kuj tseem muaj peev xwm ua kom cov hlau kub kub sai sai. Nws cools hlau sai dua roj. Ib yam li cov roj quenching, lub tank yog ntim nrog dej thiab cov hlau rhuab yog submerged nyob rau hauv nws. Nws tseem tuaj yeem yaug los ntawm qhov chaw. Ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm dej yog qhov flammability ntawm nruab nrab tsis yog qhov teeb meem. Tsis tas li ntawd, dej yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws quenching xov xwm uas yuav tsum tau siab tshaj plaws hardness, tab sis nws yog feem ntau deformation thiab tawg ntawm cov khoom. Qhov twg khov kho tuaj yeem muab txi, siv whale, paj rwb, thiab cov roj ntxhia. Cov no zoo li oxidize thiab tsim sludge, txo efficiency.

Brine

Brine yog sib tov ntawm dej thiab ntsev. Cov dej ntsev txias sai dua huab cua, dej thiab roj. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov sib tov ntawm ntsev thiab dej tiv thaiv npuas los ntawm kev tsim thaum nws los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov rhuab hlau. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau yuav raug them los ntawm cov kua, tsis yog npuas.

Hardened Hlau

Thaum sib tham txog cov txheej txheem quenching, steel tsim nyog hais tshwj xeeb vim tias nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev rau quenching. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem quenching hu ua quench hardening, cov hlau tau nce mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj nws qhov kub ntawm recrystallization thiab sai txias los ntawm cov txheej txheem quenching. Piv nrog rau qhov txias txias, ceev quenching hloov cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov hlau. Nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab alloying cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau, nws yuav tawm tom qab ib qho nyuaj, ntau nkig microstructure, xws li martensite los yog bainite, raws li nws undergoes lub quench hardening txheej txheem. Cov microstructures no ua rau kom muaj zog thiab hardness ntawm cov hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ua rau cov hlau tsis zoo rau kev tawg thiab txo cov ductility. Vim li no, qee cov hlau yog annealed lossis normalized tom qab quench hardening txheej txheem.

Quenching txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem quenching yog tsim los hloov cov microstructure ntawm cov hlau ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem thermal. Yog tias ua tau zoo, qhov no yuav ua rau lub zog siab tshaj plaws thiab zoo elongation hauv cov casting.

Kev tua cov hlau feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev tso rau hauv dej, roj, tshuaj polymer lossis ntsev, txawm tias qee zaum siv cua yuam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm quenching, cov cuab yeej tsim khoom yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov tsim nyog quenched microstructure, thiab hauv cov chaw tseem ceeb, cov khoom siv kho tshuab yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov tshwj xeeb yam tsawg kawg nkaus tom qab ib feem yog tempered. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm quenching nyob ntawm qhov txias zog ntawm qhov nruab nrab quenching nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lub hardening peev xwm ntawm cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig yuav txawv los ntawm kev hloov steel muaj pes tsawg leeg los yog nplawm, kub thiab quenching nruab nrab hom.

Kev tsim ntawm lub quench system thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov system ua rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheem. Kev tsim ntawm ib feem kuj tseem txhawb nqa cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab distortion vim quenching.